Porters Five Forces Analysis Marketing Essay

Doormen Five Forces Analysis Marketing Essay Presentation The primary motivation behind applying the five powers examination is to distinguish the key factors in the mechanical condition that impact the associations capacities to situate itself so as to justify upper hand. It is a system for industry investigation and business procedure advancement framed by Michael Porter. An industry is a gathering of firms that advertise items which are close substitutes for one another (for example the vehicle business, the inn industry).Some ventures are more gainful than others, the appropriate response lies in understanding the elements of serious structure in an industry. Doormen Five Forces Model is one of the most persuasive logical models for surveying the idea of rivalry in an industry. Watchman clarifies that there are five powers that decide industry engaging quality and since a long time ago run industry gainfulness. These five serious powers are the danger of new contenders passage, the danger of substitutes, the bartering intensity of purchasers, the haggling intensity of providers, and the level of contention between existing contenders. Watchmen five powers outline. http://www.b2binternational.com/china/pictures/stories/areas/porters_five_forces.gif Source: www.valuebasedmanagement.net Prologue to inn industry An inn is a foundation that gives a transient paid living arrangement. Before, lodgings were only a little stay with a bed, pantry, and a table, yet now it has completely changed to something different. These days lodgings are lavish living arrangements that incorporate various kinds of offices. The vast majority of the inns presently incorporate spas, pools, wellness focuses, meetings rooms and worldwide eateries. Indeed, even the rooms are presently greater and incorporate many solace offices. Malaysian Association of Hotels (MAH)Â was set up in 1974. It is presently being formally perceived as a National Hotel Association. Presently it sets the guidelines and least adequate levels for being a lawful confirmed inn in Malaysia. It has 2,184 enlisted individuals and 17 additional inns in the following 3 years. Table: Hotels and rooms gracefully 2010/2011 Dealing intensity of providers The term providers contains all hotspots for inputs that are required so as to give merchandise or administrations. The two key providers to the Hotel business are works and land Over all the providers in this market are characterized as land owners, engineers and land organizations, inside plan and goods organizations, modelers, the executives and preparing specialist co-ops, promoting organizations, industry experts and ICT makers. Class Rating 1-10 Comments Number of providers 6 (medium) Impressive no. of neighborhood and Chinese temporary workers Modest number of value preparing suppliers and gifted representatives. Accessibility of substitute 6(medium) Substitutes for property (realtors), creators, and workers are accessible. Exchanging cost classification 2 (low) - substitute for inn are not many.. Providers danger of forward reconciliation 2 (low) Providers are exceptionally far-fetched to advance incorporate into the lodging industry Industrys treat in reverse reconciliation 5 (high) - inns could in reverse incorporate to possess land organization. They could have their own preparation wing. Commitment to quality 5 (high) - Property improvement and land organizations add to the quality so does talented work and quality preparing Commitment to cost 2 (low) - Most providers are a lot littler organizations contrasted with lodging organizations. - Hence lodging organizations have an a lot higher haggling power. providers commitment to cost is low In general, the quantity of providers for the Hotel business is very enormous and every provider is exceptionally little in size contrasted with the main players in the business. These couple of incredible players are basic to the providers. Substitutability of the providers is additionally very doable and economical. Exchanging between realtors isn't goingto influence a specific Hotel organization fundamentally. Anyway as far as quality, preparing habitats for representatives and ICT makers who give IT frameworks thatfor property the board are moderately increasingly hard to supplant. Consequently as far as substitute providers industry engaging quality is respectably high. Not at all like the provider is danger ofâ forward reconciliation, Industry is danger of backwardintegration is quite high since enormous lodging networks like ITC or IHCLÂ would have no doubts venturing into the genuine estateâ business or creating representative preparing offices in-house. Similarlythe industry is commitment to both expense and quality isrelatively high. Generally speaking haggling intensity of providers is low and industry is engaging quality as far as provider bartering power is high (4). Haggling POWER OF BUYERS The haggling intensity of purchasers decides how much clients can force pressure on edges and volumes. The end-clients of the top of the line lodging industry are:- Relaxation voyager Business voyager Clients who require space for meetings or different occasions Class Rating 1-10 Comments - Number of Buyers 7(high) - Buyers are various and little in size.- Losing one client can't going to have any kind of effect. Their dealing power is low - Availability of substitutes: (medium) - Multiple substitutes for a given lodging or brand is accessible - Informal settlement for loved ones is accessible other option - Corporate visitor houses for the business explorer - Switching cost: 2(low) - Switching costs arenegligible Purchasers are cost sensitiveexcept in the - Buyers danger of in reverse reconciliation: 5(high) Clients are will notconstruct an inn or purchase a position of home for each spot they visit. - Contribution to quality 2(low) Extra offices suchas spas, rec centers and so forth are usedmy inns to improve thequality of clients remain - commitment to cost 5(high) Brand picture is veryimportant in this industry and prompts additional cost, Additional amenities,training of staff, locationrent (like near airport)etc. - Buyers gainfulness 2(low) Low purchasers gainfulness In the mid - fragment, there are various purchasers, of extremely little benefit In the superior fragment, purchasers are exceptionally well-off, and they have more noteworthy dealing power comparedto the mid-portion Industrys danger of forward mix. 4(medium) - low possibilities or forward mix This industry has numerous clients who are generally little in size. Loss of a solitary client has little effect on a lodging organization and this drives down the purchasers bartering power. So also purchasers danger of in reverse mix is practically inconceivable thus the business is under danger of forward coordination. Anyway the business has a few substitutes, for example, outdoors and recreational vehicles for vacationers, corporate guesthouses for business voyagers and other casual methods for convenience with loved ones. Exchanging cost for every one of these choices is low, with the exception of the RV. Aside from the arrangement of convenience, inns likewise give extra offices and administrations, for example, cafés, rec centers, spas, gathering corridors, ball rooms, lounges and so forth. Thusly their commitment to quality just as cost for the purchaser is high. Obstructions of passage Class Rating 1-10 Comments Economies of scale 5(high) High economies of scale-Very critical to operatea chain of lodgings in multiplelocations, particularly for the top notch portion. This decreases thedependence on tourismtrends at some random area Item separation 4(medium) Exceptionally separated Brand names and valuesare significant in pulling in and holding clients - brand character 4(medium) Brand is significant. - exchanging cost 2(low) - low exchanging cost - capital prerequisite 4(medium) - capital escalated. - staff, dã ©cor, foundation e.t.c is over the top expensive. - Access to innovation 3(moderate) - ICT is significant for property the executives. - Access to crude material 4(medium) - Labor, land and different basics are anything but difficult to get. - government insurance 3(moderate) - The travel industry gets government. - leave hindrances 2(low) - High leave boundaries. Particular resources for the business. Brand names are significant in the inn business. Organizations utilize their solid image names to draw in new clients and hold old ones. Plus, economies of scale are additionally an enormous factor in this industry. Productivity of lodging networks is radically higher than singular tasks. Another participant can't contend with built up players as far as quality, cost and even administrations. On the off chance that they can't set up huge economies of scale.Being a capital concentrated industry with a lot of it secured in fixed costs, makes section increasingly troublesome. So also high leave boundaries due to specializedassets make the business less attractive.The friendliness industry is unequivocally impacted by movement and the travel industry patterns. Government insurance for the travel industry is extremely high and this thusly comes off on the lodging business making it along these lines making the business appealing by and large. Serious intensity of contention players This perspective portrays the force of rivalry between existing players (organizations) in an industry. High serious constrain results or prompts pressure on value edges and on productivity for each and every organization in the business. The accompanying table shows the examination of the competition between inns. factors Appraisals (5) Comments. No. of rivalries 4 (high) Modest number of enormous administrators Industry development 3 (medium) Yearly development pace of 15% Fixed expense 1 (low) Exceptionally capital concentrated separations 4 (high) Solid brand name orders an extremely significant expense premium. Exchanging cost 2 (moderate) Minimal effort changing to comparable brands Receptiveness to terms of offer 4 (high) Cost, charges and so on are known Overabundance limit 2 (moderate) Just 70% rooms involved Key stakes 2 (moderate) Albeit huge lodging

My dear friend Free Essays

string(40) the Basic Law of Government by decree. I trust you are making the most of your stay in the United States and that you are accepting a decent education.â I have been giving a ton of thought as of late to the issues of our realm and the potential options in contrast to the standard of the House of Saud.â I have scarcely any chances and freedoms here that I feel that moderate Islamists may make a superior showing of administering our nation than the sovereigns. We will compose a custom paper test on My dear companion or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now  Let me attempt to clarify how I feel. In the same way as other of our age, I experience experienced issues discovering work.â During the oil blast of the 1970’s, business was progressively secure and the administration had the option to give broad government assistance advantages to residents of the kingdom.â More as of late, nonetheless, the economy has stagnated.â In 1998, for instance, we had 27% joblessness! I feel that the economy is enduring because of our dependence on oil.â Despite the marvelous riches it brings to the nation, the oil business can just utilize a specific number of people.â Since oil is basically the main thing that our nation produces, it is the main part that gives enormous scope work other than the administration itself, which is ruled by the regal family and its system of companions and cohorts. Regardless of all the riches picked up from oil, the imperial family Has not put the riches into different divisions of society; rather, it has utilized the oil riches to enhance itself, buy immense amounts of weapons from the Americans, and purchase steadfastness from the populace by giving free social services.â Despite this riches, nonetheless, our nation has not given more noteworthy opportunities to its residents. Our realm has consistently depended on a collusion between the al-Saud family and the extreme Wahabi clerics.â One of the king’s focal jobs is the caretaker of the two blessed spots (Mecca and Medina).â The priests give the ruler authenticity, and consequently the rulers richly finance the clerics’ mosques, schools, and good cause associations. I feel that this partnership is awful for our country.â Our nation should be freer.â Both the regal family and the Wahabi priests are against more noteworthy opportunities for us, the normal citizens.â Both gatherings advantage by denying capacity to other people.â I have come to feel that the Saudi-Wahabi collusion is awful for us as Saudi residents, since it denies us fundamental freedoms.â It is likewise awful for the world in general, since it prompts fear based oppression. Numerous Wahabis have betrayed the Saudi illustrious family, pronouncing that it isn't adequately Islamic.â They feel that the legislature is excessively degenerate, excessively debauched, and excessively well disposed with America.â Osama container Laden is the most scandalous Saudi who has taken this position.â Even however he assaulted America, canister Laden’s essential foe has consistently been the Saudi regal family, who he feels are awful Muslims who don't have the right to be the overseers of Mecca and Medina. The danger to the Saudis from its extreme residents turned out to be clear soon after I was born.â This was a significant defining moment in the historical backdrop of our country.â When Saddam Hussein attacked Kuwait in August of 1990, many expected that he would turn on Saudi Arabia next.â Osama receptacle Laden disclosed to King Fahd that he would fight Saddam Hussein’s powers with the warriors he had prepared and battled with in Afghanistan during the 1980’s during the war with the Soviet Union. Lord Fahd dismissed receptacle Laden’s offer, which presumably wasn’t exceptionally sensible any way.â Instead, the ruler went to the Americans for protection.â Huge American armed forces came to Saudi Arabia and utilized our nation as a base from which to assault Iraq and free Kuwait.â Even however Saddam Hussein could no longer compromise Saudi Arabia, the choice to permit the American military into the realm incensed numerous extreme Islamists. I should state that, as a glad and autonomous man, I might want to safeguard my own nation instead of have the Americans do it.â I don’t wish the Americans any mischief, it’s simply that I don’t need to depend on them and in a perfect world I might want their military to leave our land.â Many individuals, be that as it may, feel significantly more emphatically about this than I do, and they started assault the place of Saud for permitting Americans into Arabia. As my age developed, we saw the administration go under assault from radicals who wished to topple the regime.â Throughout the 1990’s these radicals, including al-Qaeda, assaulted locates in Saudi Arabia that were related with the legislature or the American military.â We presently have a showdown between the House of Saud and the extreme Islamists, however I don’t feel that either bunch can oversee our nation adequately. In spite of the fact that I object to the Saudi illustrious family, similarly as Osama container Laden does, I additionally absolutely oppose canister Laden’s objectives and tactics.â Basically I feel that the Saudis are extremely conservative.â Bin Laden feels that they are not preservationist enough!â The most astounding thing about the Saudis is that their partners, the Wahabis, are the individuals they need to fear most. For quite a long time, the illustrious rulers supported Wahabi mosques and schools and good cause around the world.â They realized that a portion of these gatherings utilized the cash for fear based oppressor exercises, however there was a kind of implicit understanding that the Islamist psychological militants would not target Saudi Arabia itself.â I don’t know why our administration at any point confided in these individuals, yet the psychological militants broke the understanding and started to assault the regal family. Things being what they are, old buddy, our administration has neglected to broaden the economy past oil, it has neglected to give more rights and freedoms to its residents, and it has utilized oil riches to attempt to pay off radical gatherings, yet this procedure has typically backfired.â These are intense complaints to have, wouldn’t you state? Maybe a case of the imperial family’s thought of â€Å"reform† will show my grievances.â In 1992, King Fahd established the Basic Law of Government by pronouncement. You read My dear companion in classification Paper examplesâ The law illuminated the idea of the government.â The administration was an innate government, a model that was famous hundreds of years back in Europe.â The ruler would fill in as head of state, leader of the chamber of priests, and president of the furnished forces.â furthermore, the lord delegates all clergymen just as all individuals from another body, the consultative gathering. Here are my issues with this endeavor at reform.â Firstly, the Basic Law was authorized by declaration of the ruler; the Saudi individuals had positively no job in concocting this law.â Secondly, the law essentially illuminated what was at that point known; the Saudi family, particularly the lord, has all the force in Saudi Arabia. The consultative committee should speak to a move towards more prominent portrayal, yet I feel that it just outlined the king’s arrogance.â Firstly, the board is named by the ruler, so we can expect it is made of up individuals who he realizes will concur with him.â Secondly, the chamber â€Å"consults†; the lord is not the slightest bit bound to follow its advice.â So not exclusively is this gathering not agent of the Saudi individuals, it doesn’t even have any authority!â This isn't the sort of change we need; this isn't change in any way. My companion, our nation has no constitution, no bill of rights, no free courts or media, and no immediate portrayal for its residents in government.  This isn't the kind of nation I wish to live in.â Here is the thing that I feel must be finished. I don't have any hallucinations about to what extent and hard the change to majority rules system can demonstrate to be.â We have seen our neighbor, Iraq, destroyed by common war and turmoil after its harsh government was tossed from power.â If the Saudi government vanished for the time being, I dread that our nation could experience the ill effects of these equivalent curses.â For this explanation, a vicious oust of the legislature would not be a decent idea.â Iraq has given us that autocracy is desirable over political agitation, on the grounds that in any event despots can forestall huge psychological militant assaults. The appropriate response doesn't lie in rough topple of the Saudis, and it likewise doesn't lie in radical Islamists.â We are generally Muslims here, it is true.â Islam was conceived in Arabia.â The prophet lived and kicked the bucket here.â Mecca and Medina are here.â We are the very support of Islam.â However, we can't permit radical Muslims to take power from the Saudis. I have straightforward wants, my friend.â Like a great many people on earth of each race and religion, I need basically to carry on with my life in opportunity and poise and have the option to accommodate my adored ones.â We have seen that extreme Islamists, despite the fact that they guarantee to share our religion, are dealers of death just; from all that I have seen, it appears to be certain that they are increasingly keen on murdering individuals, for the most part individual Muslims, than they are in administering. As much as I detest the Saudis, I know where it counts that extreme Islamists would be worse.â They would almost certainly be significantly more savage and harsh towards the individuals than the Saudis are.â The most extreme Islamists wish to return Arabia to a seventh century condition of â€Å"purity†.â They feel this is the perfect condition for Muslims.â They wish to reproduce a world before oil, a world before mass correspondence and amusement, a world before America.â This is a dull wish.â We ought not be naã ¯ve about what radical Islamists would do to our nation should they ever pick up power. The arrangement, I feel, lies with moderate Islamists.â Islam must be the focal point of any change, in light of the fact that the mosque is the main force focus of any substance other than the Saud family.â There is no free affable society here on account of all the

Tale of the Midnight Tool!

Tale of the Midnight Tool! As some of you may have noticed, the world didnt end on Wednesday like I thought it would (for the rest of you, look outside, yup its still there). Which means my nights spent shirking responsibility and being annoying to those around me under the guise of it having no repercussions turned out to bite me in the proverbial butt. Thus is the beginning for the tale of the midnight tool: Prologue: Having taken BC Calc AP in high school, (though not getting credit for it like I shouldve) I figured 18.01 would be a walk in the park, I took one look at the p-set and saw that it had only like, 10 questions and blew it off all week. Now Im claiming that part of this is the LHCs fault for not destroying the world, but come Thursday night I didnt feel comfortable betting on it (or betting against it really..kind of a lose lose) so I sat down and started the pset at 9:30p.m. What follows, friends is what is known as a rude awakening. 18.01 is much harder than BC Calc. Much much harder in fact. But what makes it so hard? its just maths right? Sort of. Here at MIT, rather than work on your ability to recognize problems you already know (which, admit it, is what most high school homework is), the problems are concerned with teaching you how to think, making you understand the material presented. A handy example actually comes from my pset: A) What I was expecting: Chris, what is the derivative of x^2? How about x^3 + 2? Be clever! Pat yourself on the back if you got it right! Youre so smart! That girl you have a crush on thinks your ability to derive is sexy, go ahead, ask her out, shell say yes! Whoa hey, is that $20 lying on the floor? B) Reality: Calculate the (p+q)th derivative of y=x^p(x-1)^q (or something like that) using Leibniz rule. Btw, shell never go out with you. WHAT?!! First off, in my entire course of BC Calc, never did I ever see Leibniz rule, and Im positive it was never mentioned in lecture. His rules for calculus are much more effective than his rules for picking up women Doodling away at a billion different ways to solve it, I finally stumbled upon something key (thats the infinite monkeys, infinite typewriters approach). Without getting way too mathy, the pth derivative of x^p is p!, thus, the p+q derivative is 0, because at p its a constant! That one idea let me clear out huge swaths of terms like some strange hybrid of Stephen Hawking and Rambo (note to self: that would be an awesome movie). I was probably a little too excited to finally figure it out, but thats the point. I didnt explicitly know how to solve it. I figured it out. MIT taught me how to think. Unfortunately that was but 1 problem in the whole set, hence why at 6:30 a.m. this is what my work area looked like: From for blog I finished at about 7:00 a.m. which is an unpleasant feeling. I did learn some MIT vernacular though (theres so much slang here that it could be considered its own language, like Klingon. Also like Klingon, it does not impress women.) Tool- 1. v. To work tirelessly on p-sets or other tedious things. 2. n. One who works tirelessly on p-sets or other tedious things. In summation, this place is hard, really hard. No matter how smart you think you are, its probably going to be different than you imagine until you finally get here. But its a good different, theres a sense of achievement and fulfillment in figuring out a hard problem, and working hard is only one aspect of the popular mantra on balance here: Work hard, play hard.

Should Steroids Be Legal - 913 Words

Over the course of history, there have been a plethora of performance-enhancing substances and other types of drugs that have swept their way through the sports world. Many athletes have been caught in the act of using these kinds of drugs, and others have been ‘lucky’ enough to get off with little to no punishment. Steroids have taken over sports by storm, specifically baseball, where they seem to be used the most. However, they are also assumed to be used in football, basketball, hockey, cycling or any sport one can think of. Some have argued that the use of these drugs should be legal, and I disagree with that argument. Steroids in sports should not be legal because they have a detrimental long-term effect on the human body, it is blatant cheating and an athlete should strive to be a good role model for young kids aspiring to play sports. Although steroids improve a person’s skill level at their particular sport, these drugs can also have many negative everlasting effects that might not materialize until it’s too late. Anabolic steroid use has been associated with a wide variety of side effects and they range from physically unattractive, such as acne and breast development in men, to serious and life threatening such as heart attacks and liver cancer. Most are reversible if the abuser stops taking the drugs, but others can be permanent (DrugFacts). Long-term use of Anabolic ste roids can also have devastating effects on the brain. They can affect some of the same brainShow MoreRelated Anabolic Steroids Should Be Legal Essay1930 Words   |  8 Pageswere taking anabolic steroids throughout their career. I always thought with hard work and dedication, I could be just like them, but that was not possible because they were all cheating to get an edge. Anabolic steroids were added to the list of Class III Substances in the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990. This act makes it illegal to possess anabolic steroids in the United States without a prescription. Congress passed this in hope to avoid the use of anabolic steroids in sports. However, theRead MoreDrugs Should Be Banned For Professional Sports1211 Words   |  5 Pagesenhancing drugs if they didn’t have a chance of getting caught. Performance enhancing drugs, or PEDs, or steroids, have been around since 776 BC when the Greeks would use them to improve their performance in the Olympic Games. Dur ing World War II, the Germans, including Hitler, would take steroids to make themselves stronger and more aggressive. The Americans, British, and Japanese also began to use steroids during World War II shortly after Germany. After the war, athletes started to get their hands onRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : A Fatal Attraction1734 Words   |  7 PagesAnabolic Steroids in Sports The market for top performing athletes in sports in the 21st century is a competitive one. Athletes are pushed to, be stronger, an heal from injuries faster. With the pressure to do well and get picked up by a professional team of sorts goes without saying that hard work is a must to elevate ones professional athletic career, but what if one has reached a plateau or hit a wall in a training regimen and just can not seem to push through? When some athletes hit the proverbialRead More The History of Steroids: The Legal and Illegal Usage of Steroids1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of steroid by athletes has been a controversial issue for some time. One can argue that the usage is totally wrong and it is against the morals and the rules of the games. Although steroids boost up the process of muscle building and endurance, it also has complications in the long run. Those that cheat their way by using and or abusing such chemicals can have serious health defects. A real athlete should work his/her way with hard work and the correct training to build that endurance andRead MoreDrug Use in Sports Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pages Drugs should be banned in all sports. They have been a problem for a long time. Athletes use them to enhance their body and for simply just the edge. There is nothing wrong with using some drugs to enhance your body as long as they are legal. The problems that come with drugs in sports are how to detect them. Some professional sports, such as the NHL, do not even use drug tests. The only sports that test for everything are the NBA and NFL. The Major League Baseball only tests for illegal drugs suchRead MoreThe Drawbacks Of Anabolic Steroids1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Drawbacks of Anabolic Steroids and Why They Should Stay Illegal Anabolic steroids have been used and taken by humans for over half a century. The effects they provide have developed large ongoing debates as to whether these substances should be allowed to the general public. Anabolic steroid in short provide the human body a much grander potential to build muscle by helping the cells within the body produce more muscle fibers at an astonishing rate that could never be achieved naturally. ManyRead MoreSteroids and Other Performance Enhancers Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue over steroids and other performance enhancer drugs has been a recent topic in the sports world. The debate over whether or not to punish those who have been caught using has been a major topic recently, as well as the legalization of these drugs. When arising the question of whether or not to legalize steroids, many positive and negative factors are brought to the table, and in effect could change various aspects of our normal day lives. Anabolic steroids are a class of naturalRead MoreEssay about Steroids in Sports: Right or Wrong?947 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Sports, Right or Wrong? â€Å"We have to make some radical move to get the attention of everyone. Cheaters cant win and steroids have put us in the position that its OK to cheat.† (Lou Brock). Steroids in professional sports has became a major issue and has yet to be justified. Steroids boost the intensity of the game and provide the athletes with more agility and skill to play the game, but should it be fair to allow them? This would give some players an advantage in their sport overRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Use in Sports Summary1493 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic Steroid use in Sports The competitive drive to win at all cost is fierce among athletes. Winning at all cost often includes using one of many performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids. Many athletes use performance enhancing drugs, like steroids, to achieve higher goals and set higher records than other drug-free successful athletes. Although athletes are performing at higher levels when using such drugs, what is the cost? Finally anabolic steroids should remain bannedRead MoreSteroids Are Legal For Sell1058 Words   |  5 PagesMarcus Bond Mrs. Lawson 12th Grade English 2017 Apr, 19 Steroids are legal to sell In Mexico where steroids are legal. Guess what. Mexico doesn t have a steroid problem. In fact, the issue doesn t even raise an eyebrow. Anyone, including a 15 year-old soccer player, can walk into a pharmacy, go right up to the counter, ask for preloaded ready-jects of Sustanon 250 and Deca, pay his 500-some-odd pesos and walk out, just as if he d purchased pink sugar cookies and a bottle of Gatorade. No problem

Comparison of Two Texts, “One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest”...

Comparison of two texts, â€Å"One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest† and â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† | How do the authors of To Kill a Mockingbird and One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest use literary techniques to explore the concepts of isolation? Isolation and courage in the form of racism and discrimination is an analogous concept explored in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird and Ken Kesey’s novel One flew over the cuckoo’s nest. The authors exemplify the conflicts of isolation displayed by the protagonists and glorifies a broad range of literary techniques to foreshadow the ideas contrasted within the novels. The historical, cultural and social values of society are prefigured throughout the novels displaying the author’s ideas and†¦show more content†¦1962 was known as the freedom summer, which developed the fight for civil rights among black people in the US and worldwide. This historical setting of One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest influenced the ideologies throughout the inscription of this novel. Ken Kesey developed his conceptual ideas of isolation through the setting of the characters. These concepts are developed through the protagonists, B Randle Patrick McMurphy an d Nurse Ratchet. McMurphy challenges all aspects of rules and regulations within the psychiatric ward. McMurphy’s rebellion forces the reader to observe his understanding of insanity. The ward is a metaphor of a social statement being made by the author, perceiving society as the same as the ward; controlled, under authority and McMurphy is an example of chaos, change, and hope for the patients within the ward itself. â€Å"I hide in the mop closet and listen, my heart beating in the dark, and I try to keep from getting scared, try to get my thoughts off someplace else-try to think back and remember things about the village and the big Columbia River† , (chapter 1, lines page, 121, line 23). McMurphy’s actions throughout the novel are foreshadowed thus positioning the reader to question if he’s truly insane â€Å"And the third boy mutters, Of course, the very nature of this plan could indicate that he [McMurphy] is simply a shrewd con man, and not menta lly ill at all. Chapter 2, Line.1, .Page 32-37).

Characteristics of an Effective System of Internal Control Free Essays

1. ) In accounting systems, certain controls are needed to ensure that employees are doing their jobs properly and ensure that the system runs properly. These checks are in the best interest of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of an Effective System of Internal Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now These controls come in the form of internal controls for the system. The internal controls are the checks that are placed in the system by the company’s own management to prevent the intentional misrepresentation of financial data for one party’s gain at the expense of the organization.Fraud is the primary reason that internal controls are essential in safeguarding assets. To have an effective system of internal control, five objectives must be met. The first, and most important, is the safeguard of assets. If the organization fails to secure assets such as cash or inventory, those assets will silently slip away over time. Second, the employees must be encouraged to follow company policy and work towards the company’s goals. This involves setting in place a set of clear policies that provide fair treatment for all.This leads to the third objective, which is promoting operational efficiency. When employees follow company policy, resources are utilized at maximum capacity, which minimizes waste, lowers cost, and raises profits. Fourth, the company must ensure accurate and reliable accounting records, which are essential in measuring the health of the organization. Without doing so, the company is operating in the dark. Lastly, to maintain legitimacy, the organization must comply with legal requirements. Otherwise, it would not be permitted to conduct business and would cease to exist as an entity.There are also five different aspects involved with the implementation of internal control. It begins with creating a control environment, which starts at the owner and top management level. They should set the example for their employees on how to act ethically within the business and that controls are necessary. Secondly, there should be an accurate system of risk assessment set in place. A company must be able to identify its business risks, as well as to establish procedures for dealing with those risks to minimize their impacts on the company.Third, an accurate and reliable accounting information system should be present within operations. Accurate information is required in order to keep track of assets and to measure profits and losses. This system should be able to record transactions as they occur, journalize them in a timely manner, post them to the company books, and then report them in financial statements. Monitoring the system of controls is the fourth aspect of internal control, and is a very important component. Day-to-day activity must be scrutinized by internal auditors to prevent anomalies. In turn, the control system, along with its overseers, should also be analyzed by external auditors outside of the organization. The final aspect of internal control is the actual control procedures themselves. A primary example of control procedures is the separation of duties, which is considered the cornerstone for safeguarding assets. ?Under the separation of duties procedure, different duties are assigned to different individuals within the organization. This is done in such a way that no one person can have full control over any single transaction.This ensures that an individual cannot have full control over the creation and operating of the system. One reason for this division is having one person controlling the system can result in fraud if that person is not completely trustworthy. Division of duties sets into place a system of comparison. Any individual’s involvement in a particular transaction is checked and compared against another individual’s involvement in the same transaction. For this reason, it is considered the cornerstone for safeguarding assets; because no single individual has complete control over acquisition and reporting of assets.Another reason for the division of duties is to prevent the organization from becoming totally dependent on the person controlling the system. If this person were to leave, then the organization would have no one to run the system. Therefore, the division of duties also ensures that employees can leave without having any major effect on the system. If the separation of duties control has not been set in place, then a very dangerous possibility is left open to the organization. This would allow a single individual to gain custody of an asset, while at the same time, have control over accounting for it.Say, for example, that Matt is the manager of a firm that performs service on credit. Matt collects and processes customer payments on account, and at the same time, Matt is also in charge of the company’s books. Here is what can happen in this situation. Matt writes-in an account-receivable for service performed on credit within the company’s books. A few weeks later, the cust sends a cash payment to cover the entire account-receivable, which Matt has control of handling. Matt decides that his wife deserves a new, and very expensive jewel necklace, which he would normally never be able to afford. Matt sees an opportunity here, so he pockets the rather sizable payment on account made by the customer, and since he controls the books, he writes off the customer account as uncollectible. Matt has just committed fraud for personal gain, at a significant loss to the company. This is case-in-point as to why internal controls like separation of duties are essential in operating a business. In the case of Gretchen Rourke, the accountant for Dublin Limited, Rourke should take immediate action upon discovery of a major accounting error made by her supervisor; be it deliberate or not.First, Rourke should make the error known to the company’s internal auditor(s) as well as her supervisor and his or her authority. The key to the problem is to make multiple people aware of the accounting problem, so that no one individual may have the power to coerce the situation to their advantage. There should be as much transparency as possible in order to correctly resolve the overstatement of n et income. Finally, Rourke should go about making the corrected entries into the company’s books, so that the financial statements reflect an accurate portrayal of the company’s financial status.In the case of Flynn’s embezzlement from Downtown Kalamazoo, there are four ways this could have been prevented. First, Flynn should never have had access to subscriber cash receipts. There should have been one person appointed to receive these payments, and another person appointed to account for them. Second, auditing should have performed regular bank reconciliations, and then they would have seen an inordinate amount of checks being written to Flynn from the company.Third, Flynn should have been required to submit regular budgets and exception reports, so that the board of directors would be made aware of business operation and cash flow within the company. And fourth, regular external audits should have been performed, so that an unbiased view could have questioned where the c ompany’s money was going. Mr Smith: Since you are the store manager, I feel that it is my responsibility to make you aware of an internal control weakness in the operation of the point-of-sale terminals.The main weakness involved is that the terminals do not record the transaction, only sale amounts. Since this is the case, it would be only too easy for a register clerk to collect the stated amount for a transaction, but take part of the payment for himself and record a lesser amount in the register. Each transaction should therefore be itemized so that amounts match items sold. This would prevent any possible theft. Sincerely, Matthew Garrett The missing internal control characteristic for situation (a) is the separation of duties.Since the purchasing agent is responsible for purchasing as well as approving invoices for payment, along with signing the checks, he could write the invoices for any amount he desires and keep the excess for himself. This would never be discovered since there is no supervisor that reviews this purchasing agent’s work. The solution to this problem is to assign a separate person to approve invoices for payment, yet another person to sign the actual checks, and also a supervisor to monitor the agent’s work. Again, the internal control characteristic missing in situation (b) is the separation of duties.The two senior architects are not doing their job while Joyce, the owner, is away on business trips. Yes, they may be performing managerial duties, but are obviously not maximizing efficiency since only one employee is capable of managing the office. The solution is that Joyce needs to hire an interim office manager to run operations while she is away on business. This would ensure that everyone held liable and is performing the functions in which their job title affords them. Once more, separation of duties is the missing component of internal control for situation (c) as well.Durfee should not be performing all accounting duties, plus opening the mail, preparing bank deposits and reconciliations. This allows J. T. too much control over assets and accounting for them. Durfee could possibly steal money, while cooking the books and reconciliations. A separate person should be brought in to open the mail and prepare the bank deposits, and they should be monitored by a superior while performing these duties. Durfee should only be in charge of accounting for these transactions and performing bank reconciliations. How to cite Characteristics of an Effective System of Internal Control, Papers

Mesopotamia Cultures Contribution to the Western Civilization Essay Example

Mesopotamia Cultures Contribution to the Western Civilization Essay Western civilization traces its origin from the cultures of the ancient Near East. This is where the people of Egypt and Mesopotamia developed some organized communities and institutions which can be associated with civilization. [1]The Romans and Greeks played a big role in the development of the Western civilization, the two societies borrowed heavily from the people who lived in the Near East. They were influenced and nurtured by the Mesopotamia societies who lived in this area of the Near East. The Romans and the Greeks served as the transmitters of the culture from the Near East to the other parts of Europe. Dowling,M 2007) [2]The Mesopotamia and Egypt started to build cities at around 3000 BC.They developing writing as a method through which they were to keep records. The same cultures build monumental structures for their gods and as a way to preserve their cultures. (Kramwel, S 1969 45)The cultures had a political ,social ,military and a religious system which dealt with the basic problems that human being experienced .Human   civilization is thought to have began in this area where two society are credited with the ancient civilization. Western civilization is based on the first sophisticated cultures which were found in Mesopotamia. It had so many elements of the culture from the Mesopotamia region, this proves the fact that Mesopotamia cultures contributed greatly towards the Western civilization. Mesopotamia was the first society to have a full system of social order. It had a government, cities and a culture that characterized what is found in western societies save for the little modifications and influences from the other cultures from different parts of the world. Many architectural structures in the Western societies have their origin from the cultures that existed in this region between rivers Tigris and Euphrates. We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamia Cultures Contribution to the Western Civilization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamia Cultures Contribution to the Western Civilization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamia Cultures Contribution to the Western Civilization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer [3]The first people to occupy this area were the Sumerians. These people displayed all the characteristics of an advancing civilization. They had cities such as Ur; Eridu and Uruk.The cities were governed by a system which was theocratic in nature. The government controlled the economic activities that took place here. Therefore the semblance of the government appeared in this culture for the first time, it developed over time to be what it is today. The Western societies government systems were a modification of the structures that existed during the Mesopotamia civilization. It was the function of the government to ensure that there was order in the society. In this culture the government was charged with the role of ensuring that people followed the laid down laws. In the western civilization we had the forces which were structured in the same manner as the law and order maintenance forces. (Feverstein, G 2001 134) In the Mesopotamia society there was a set of hierarchy which consisted of the nobles, common people and slaves, each class of the people had a role to play with the nobles as the rulers of the society and occupiers of the highest class in the whole societies. The kingdoms in the western civilization were designed in the same manners where we had the kings and queens together with their families and close relatives making the royal family, there were the commoners and at the bottom of the ladder there were the slaves who were mainly the servants for the royal families and other rich families. [4]As the war broke out in the Mesopotamia region, the Akkadians took over where they introduced and developed the city states and a complete law system. The city states had a government of their own and laws that were made by the council of selected people who represented the rest of the society. The Western societies later emerged with a complete system where we had states or empires which were mostly ruled by the kings and queens, these empires were structured in the same way as the city states that were common in the Mesopotamia region. The rules and laws that were made by the king and his council borrowed heavily from the cultures in the Mesopotamia. The Roman Empire is one of the best examples that had structures resembling the government systems that existed in Mesopotamia. This later spread out the other regions in Europe where several city states were formed in the same systems that were found in the Roman empire which had great influence from the cultures from the near East . (Feverstein, G 2001 154) Mesopotamia cultures did not just leave a government system ,they left other characteristics which were picked by other societies and later spread far and wide where their influence is still felt up to this time. The Sumerians people are believed to be the first people to have conceived the art of writing. This art is believed to have been discovered as a result of a need that emerged in this society. When people started to produce crops, there was surplus which they sold to those who did not have. There was a need of keeping proper records for the produce from the farms. This led to the discovery of a form of writing which helped in the further improvement of agriculture. The scribes formed a very important part of the society in this ancient civilization. The kept records and helped in drafting documents for the government, they were respected people in the society as they helped preserve the culture of the Mesopotamia people. The writing systems spread to other parts of the world going through modifications in the Western Europe region to produce what we have today. Mesopotamia cultures are credited with contributing such an important elements to different cultures around the world. Though there were other forms of writings in the different parts of the world especially in China, this near east ancient civilization is believed to have played a part in the introduction of form writing and keeping of records which was common in western civilization. [5]Calendar represents time; it has been used in different parts of the world to plan for the various activities. People use calendars to plan the activities undertaken in a given time. They plan to plant in a given period of the year, harvest their crops when the time comes, hold festivals in a given time and offer sacrifices to their gods in an appointed time. The calendar gives the specific dates when these activities should be taken. This important record was discovered in the Near East region by the Mesopotamia people. It spread to the other parts of the world through the Romans and Greek civilization. In the Western civilization, the calendar formed an integral part of the lives as it was used to date various periods of the history. Using the records which were developed in the Mesopotamia regions, the western societies were able to document events that took place in different parts of the world at a given part. (Stein, R ,1976 25) Another discovery by the Mesopotamia people that transformed the western societies is the wheel. The agriculture societies of the Near East mostly used water from the river to grow their crops. The irrigation system which had solved the food shortage problem in the western societies had its origin in Mesopotamia. Use of irrigation was made possible through the invention of a wheel where it was used to propel a structure which drew water from the rivers. Through this method the farmers in Mesopotamia were able to get water for consumption as well as for the cultivation purposes. The invention of the wheel played an important role in advancement of agriculture in this area. They were able to cultivate different crops which required water throughout the year using the new discovery; this partly solved the food shortages in this area. Through making the simple machines the people in the Mesopotamia civilization were able to utilize the water in the two rivers to their benefit. They did n ot rely heavily on the rains. They were able to produce crops all year around using simple machines which were propelled by the wheel. This discovery was embraced by the other cultures especially the Romans and the Greeks who later modified it to form carts which were had wheels as the propelling gadget. The cart and wheel were used as a means of transport in the ancient Roman civilization. The Western civilization played a role in the further modification of this invention later giving rise to the cars and bicycles which were developed during the industrial revolution in Western Europe. Mesopotamia cultures are credited for the invention and development of the wheel, a gadget that transformed the lives of people as the modification of this discovery in the western civilization gave rise to the means of movement that are found in the present world. Through their simple discovery, Mesopotamia people helped in changing the transport industry through bringing efficient means which people can use to make their work easier. [6]The Mesopotamia cultures began to use metal tools making a big step towards technology. The use of these tools was embraced by the other cultures that developed them gradually to produce the tools we have presently. The Western societies are credited with the modification of these discoveries which had their initial origin from the Near East region. (Stein, R ,1976 103) The Mesopotamia people are closely related with introduction of mathematics, geometry and astronomy some of the most important aspects of the Western civilization. The field of science was embraced by the western societies moving it to the next level where several discoveries were made by the Western scientist in the course of time. These discoveries came to change the course of the world history. The core of the western civilization truly rests with the Mesopotamia cultures which shaped the course of the world history. The western societies have benefited from the countless aspects from this ancient civilization from the Near East. Right from the government system, society order, architectural structures, and technology this society would not be what it is today were it not from the contribution from the Mesopotamia cultures through the assimilation process of the Greek and Romans civilizations.